Solar-to-hydrogen technology : Introduction
Solar-to-hydrogen technology is a process that uses solar energy to produce hydrogen, a clean and renewable fuel. This technology is considered a promising way to utilize solar energy and tackle climate change stemming from the combustion of fossil fuels [ 3 ]. There are several routes for solar-to-hydrogen production, including photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, photovoltaic-electrochemical, solar thermochemical, photothermal catalytic, and photobiological technologies [ 3 ]. One of the largest solar-to-hydrogen plants to date produces about half a kilogram of hydrogen in 8 hours, which amounts to a little over 2 kilowatts of equivalent output power [ 2 ]. Efforts to make hydrogen more easily or efficiently from solar energy are considered a "Holy Grail quest" by solar energy experts [ 1 ]. However, new solar-powered inventions such as a hydrogen-producing device that could be powered by solar energy have been developed [ 4 ]. The solar-to-hydrogen technology has potent